1. Epidermis (Outer Layer)
The epidermis is the thin, outermost layer of the skin. It acts as a protective barrier against environmental damage, pathogens, and water loss.
• Main Features:
◦ Made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells.
◦ Avascular (no blood vessels).
◦ Constantly regenerates, as old cells are shed and new ones are produced.
2. Dermis (Middle Layer)
The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and provides structural support, elasticity, and nourishment to the skin. It is much thicker than the epidermis and contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and glands.
• Main Features:
◦ Provides strength and flexibility via collagen and elastin fibers.
◦ Contains sensory receptors for touch, pain, and temperature.
◦ Houses hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands.
3. Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)
The hypodermis is the deepest layer of the skin, connecting it to underlying muscles and bones. It serves as insulation, energy storage, and shock absorption.
• Main Features:
◦ Composed of adipose tissue (fat) and loose connective tissue.
◦ Provides cushioning and helps regulate body temperature.
◦ Contains larger blood vessels and nerves that supply the skin.